中部矿粮复合区采煤沉陷及耕地损毁研究现状与展望

Research status and prospect on cultivated land damage at surface subsidence basin due to longwall mining in the central coal grain compound area

河南作为中原地区产煤和产粮大省,煤炭安全高效开采与耕地保护、粮食增产的矛盾较为突出。如何修复因开采煤炭导致损毁的耕地、保护矿区未损毁的耕地,同时稳定煤炭产能,是中部矿粮复合区目前面临的重大难题之一。在分析了中部矿粮复合区典型特征与其面临的瓶颈问题基础上,从采动覆岩与含(隔)水层破坏、采动地表沉陷规律与土壤退化、矿区耕地损毁及农作物长势、源头减沉控损与土地损毁修复技术等4个方面分析了采煤沉陷及耕地损毁问题的研究发展历程,包括采动覆岩含(隔)水层破坏及结构失稳、采动覆岩破坏充分采动定义及判据、采动地表沉陷与覆岩破坏整体响应行为、地表沉陷对土壤退化与耕地损毁影响、沉陷区耕地损毁识别与农作物长势监测、煤矿开采损毁土地修复技术等;在现有成果分析的基础上,展望了中部矿粮复合区采煤沉陷及耕地损毁的4个发展方向:采动覆岩结构失稳与含(隔)水层破坏传导机理、采动地表沉陷规律与土地损毁作用机理、矿区耕地损毁及农作物长势时空演变规律与源头减沉控损与耕地损毁高效协同修复技术,以便揭示“覆岩破坏—地表沉陷—耕地损毁—作物响应”传导驱动机制,形成中部矿粮复合区源头减沉控损与耕地损毁高效协同修复的综合技术体系,为煤矿绿色开采与保障粮食安全提供理论和技术支撑。

As a large coal and grain producing province in Central China,the contradiction between safe and efficient coal mining and cultivated land protection,grain production is more prominent in Henan Province.How to repair the damaged farmland due to coal mining,protect the undamaged farmland in the mining area,and stabilize the coal production capacity is one of the major problems facing the central coal grain compound area.Based on the analysis of the typical characteristics and the bottleneck problems of the central coal grain compound area,this paper analyzes the research and development progress of mining subsidence and farmland damage from four aspects:mining overburden and aquifer damage,surface subsidence law and soil degradation,mining farmland damage and crop growth,source subsidence control and land damage repair technology.It includes the failure of aquifer and structural instability,the definition and criterion of full mining,the overall response behavior of surface subsidence and overburden failure,the impact of surface subsidence on soil degradation and cultivated land damage,the identification of cultivated land damage and crop growth monitoring in subsidence area,and the remediation technology of coal mining damaged land.Based on the analysis of the current investigations,four development directions of mining subsidence and cultivated land damage in the central mine grain complex area are presented:the transmission mechanism of overburden strata structure instability and aquifer damage caused by mining,the law of mining induced surface subsidence and the mechanism of land damage,temporal and spatial evolution law of cultivated land damage and crop growth in mining area,and the efficient collaborative restoration technology for controlling overburden failure and reducing surface subsidence from the source.These four directions will help to obtain the transmission coupling mechanism of‘overburden failure-surface subsidence-cultivated land damage-crop responses’.Finally,the paper will present an efficient collaborative rehabilitation technological system for mining subsidence and cultivated land damage in central coal grain compound area.It will provide theoretical and technical supports for green coal mining and food security.