文学再现的限度:萨义德东方主义批评再反思

The Limits of Literary Representation:Reflexive of Said’s Orientalism Criticism

萨义德的东方主义批评诞生于西方多元文化主义语境,试图调和东西方在文化再现主导权之间的不平衡关系,但由于萨义德独特的文化经历和文化立场,也使其批评呈现出矛盾性和模糊性的一面。他把移民和流亡统合于其旅行理论之中,虽认识到文学再现系统与社会政治力量的纠缠,但把发声的特权预留给坚持人文主义价值的移民知识分子。萨义德对于人文主义价值的盲目坚持,使得他无法认清马克思主义对于东方的科学认识论和解放性力量。只有一种深化的马克思主义理论和社会主义革命方式才能实现对东方的真正的解放性再现。

Said’s Orientalism criticism was raised in the context of western multiculturalism, trying to reconcile the unbalanced relationship between the East and the West in the dominant power of cultural representation. However, due to Said’s unique cultural experience and cultural position, his criticism also presents a contradictory and vague side. He integrated immigration and exile into his travel theory. Although he recognized the entanglement between literary representation system and socio-political forces, he reserved the privilege for immigrant intellectuals who adhered to humanistic values. Said’s blind adherence to the value of humanism makes him unable to recognize the cognitive and liberating power of Marxism for the East. Only a deepening Marxist theory and socialist revolution can achieve the real emancipate representation of the East.