从陈独秀对两次世界大战的认知审视其思想嬗变

Examining the Evolution of Chen Duxiu’s Thoughts from the Perspective of Chen Duxiu’s Cognition of the Two World Wars

陈独秀一生思想多变,大致可归纳为由清末的民族主义转为新文化运动时期的民主主义,再到“五四”不久后的社会主义。尽管过程复杂,但两次世界大战的影响不可忽视,在两次大战中陈独秀的思想也更为成熟、典型。陈独秀对两次世界大战的认知,尤其是对战争的性质、民族问题、社会主义等诸多方面有独到而深刻的理解。然而,一以贯之的主题是强烈的民主关怀,以及陈独秀对社会主义民主认知的升华。同时,陈独秀个人思想的嬗变也验证了中国近代思想路径的转移。

Chen Duxiu’s thoughts changed throughout his life, which can be roughly summarized as the transition from nationalism in the late Qing Dynasty to democracy in the period of the New Cultural Movement, and then to socialism not long after the May Fourth Movement. Although the process is complicated, the impact of the two world wars cannot be ignored, and his thinking was more mature and typical in the two wars. He has many unique understandings of the two world wars, especially the nature of wars, national issues, socialism and many other aspects. However, the consistent theme is still a strong democratic concern, and here his understanding of socialist democracy has gradually improved. At the same time, the turn of Chen Duxiu’s personal thoughts can also be seen as a verification of the transfer of modern Chinese thought paths.