人格权保护禁令中“难以弥补的损害”的类型化认定

The typed determination of"irreparable damage"in the injunction on the protection of personality rights

在人格权保护禁令制度的适用中,“难以弥补的损害”的认定存在困难。从现有制度来看,行为保全和知识产权禁令中都涉及人格权的内容,在认定“难以弥补的损害”时均采用类型区分的方式。这种方式值得借鉴。不同的人格权损害类型会影响“难以弥补”的判断标准。以可能遭受的损害为标准进行区分,人格权可以划分为三类来认定“难以弥补的损害”:对于物质性人格权,应判断是否有造成人身伤亡后果的可能;对于精神性人格权,应判断是否具有造成一定严重程度的精神损害的可能;对于标表性人格权,应区分对待精神利益和财产利益,纯粹的财产损失无须适用禁令。

It is difficult to identify"irreparable damage"in the application of the injunction on the protection of personality rights.Judging from the existing system,the relevant standards in behavior preservation and intellectual property injunctions have reference value.The different types of damage will affect the criterion of"irreparable".Taking the possible damage as the standard,personality rights can be divided into three categories,which are determined respectively:for material personality rights,it should be judged whether the infringement has the possibility of causing personal injury or death;for spiritual personality rights,it should be judged whether there is the possibility of mental damage;for standard personality rights,spiritual interests and property interests should be treated separately,and no prohibition is required for pure property losses.