诉源治理视域下法院角色定位的进与退

Advance and retreat of the role of courts from the perspective of the governance of litigation source

作为“枫桥经验”在新时代的创新发展,诉源治理能有效缓解人民群众与日俱增的解纷需求同人民法院日益紧张的司法资源之间的矛盾,使纠纷消解于萌芽状态。囿于当前司法实践及学理上对法院的诉源治理角色定位不明,有的法院在推进诉源治理过程中出现“过度退缩”或“过度冒进”的异化现象,有悖于诉源治理设计的初衷,难以发挥其制度上的效用。鉴于此,有必要从理论层面厘清法院在诉源治理中的应然角色定位,防止出现角色反差及功能失调。回归法院参与诉源治理的正当性基础,以及基于对现实与理论逻辑的双重考量,法院应积极投身于诉源治理实践并承担参与者角色,在“源头预防”“诉前调解”“司法裁决”三个不同阶段发挥递进式作用。

As the innovative development of Fengqiao Experience in the new era, the governance of litigation source can relieve tension and strain effectively between people′s increasing needs for dispute resolution and decreasing judicial resources of people′s courts and curb the increase in conflicts and disputes from the source and in the bud. However, subject to restrictions on the vague role of governance of litigation source of courts in judicial practice and in theory, there appear alienation phenomena of excessive retreat or advance of courts in process of practicing governance of litigation source, which is contradictory to the original design intention and is difficult to maximize value of system of governance of litigation source. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the ought-to-be role of courts in governance of litigation source so as to prevent malposition and dysfunction. Returning to the legitimacy basis of participation of people′s courts in governance of litigation source, and considering both the reality and theoretical logics, courts should devote actively to the practice of governance of litigation source, take on the role of participant, and then play a progressive role in three different stages, namely "source prevention, pre-litigation mediation and judicial decision".