从域拉神、古拉神到护法神——论藏族雅拉香布山神角色的演变

Local deity,royal deity,and Dharma protector—the roles played by Yarlha Shampo in the different phases of history

山神与信仰、仪轨、宗教认同和区域地理密切相连。山神信仰是藏族社会重要的民间认知、历史记忆和社会意识形态的集中表现,藏族众多山神中颇具影响的有九大神山和十三座古拉山。文章以藏族九大山神之一雅拉香布神山为研究对象,认为雅拉香布神山在不同的历史时期扮演着不同的角色,即前吐蕃时期的雅碧河谷地方性域拉神、吐蕃政权时期护佑赞普的古拉神和西藏地方政教合一制度时期的护法神,也是密宗的圣境形象。由此推断,雅拉香布山神在不同历史时期所扮演的不同角色,是藏族社会的三大社会意识形态的演变。

The mountain deities in Tibetan have been titled Snow of the Existence(srid pa'v rgyal po in Tibetan)indicate that the mountain deities the historical phenomenon.The academic research of these mountain deities meant to study the cultural aspects,the social structure,the historical records,and the social ideology.The different roles played by Yarlha Shampo from a regional deity to royal deity to Dharma protector indicate the varieties of the social ideologies in the history.