史前中原的战争、宗教与“天下结构”国家范式的滥觞

War,Religion and the Origin of “Tianxia Structure” State Pattern in Prehistoric Central Plains

距今5 000年以降的中原地区由于生态与人文环境的压力,导致其社会复杂化演进的特殊路径。由于大规模人口迁徙与军事殖民,在中原地区常常发生族群之间争夺生存空间的战争,这种战争的目的、性质、规模都具有与史前中国其它区域不同的特性。它在与史前中原传统的重贵务实习俗的结合中,形成了血缘、文化、资源汇聚的“洼地”效应,这既促进原始宗教由自然神崇拜向祖先神崇拜的转化,又形成史前中原的“血缘旋涡”与“文化旋涡”,由此建构了一种特殊的集血缘性、内聚性、世俗性与开放性、辐射性对立统一的“天下结构”的早期国家制度模式。这种制度模式具有普适性、示范性特征及持续的辐射力与向心力,并延续而成三代王朝体制的“天下结构”国家范式,形成华夏早期国家的“中原”政治制度。

Due to the pressure of ecological and human environment,the Central Plains region has a special path of social complexity evolution since 5000 years ago.Due to large-scale population migration and military colonization,wars between ethnic groups often occur in the Central Plains for living space.This kind of war has different characteristics from other regions in prehistoric China in terms of purpose,nature and scale.In combination with the important and pragmatic customs of the prehistoric central plains tradition,it has formed a “depression” effect of blood,culture and resource convergence,which not only promotes the transformation of primitive religion from natural god worship to ancestor god worship,but also forms the “blood lineage vortex” and “cultural vortex”of the prehistoric central plains,thus constructing a special early state system model of “Tianxia structure” with the unity of opposites of blood,cohesion,secularity,openness and radioactivity.This institutional model has the characteristics of universality,demonstration and continuous radioactivity and centripetal force,and continues to form the national paradigm of the “Tianxia structure ” of the three dynasties,forming the “Central Plains” political model of the early Chinese state.