有组织犯罪涉案财产的没收范围及甄别——以《反有组织犯罪法》的相关规定为背景的分析

Scope and Screening of Confiscation of Property Involved in Organized Crime——Analysis with the Relevant Provisions of the Law of Anti-Organized-Crime as the Background

《反有组织犯罪法》是我国第一部系统规定有组织犯罪的法律,其第45条规定了有组织犯罪涉案财产的没收范围,第46条规定了有组织犯罪涉案财产的处置规则。有组织犯罪涉案财产的没收范围不仅包括有组织犯罪组织及其成员的违法所得、违禁品、供犯罪所用的财物,也包括有组织犯罪组织及其成员以外其他组织或个人的涉案财产。结合《刑法》第64条,有组织犯罪涉案财产的没收应当以财产所有人的行为成立犯罪为前提。尤其是在对《反有组织犯罪法》第46条规定的财产进行没收时,要求财产所有人不仅在客观上实施了符合要求的行为,在主观上还应当存在故意,不知情行为人的财产不应当属于本法第46条规定的应予没收的范围。

The confiscation scope and disposal rules of the property involved in organized crime are stipulated in Article 45 and Article 46 of the Law of Anti-Organized-Crime.The confiscation of property involved in organized crime covers not only the illegal gains,contraband,property used for crime of organized criminal organizations and their members,but also the property involved in the case of other organizations or individuals other than organized criminal organizations and their members.According to Article 64 of the Criminal Law,the confiscation of property involved in organized crime should be based on the premise that the property owner’s act constitutes a crime.In particular,as far as the confiscation of the property specified in Article 46 of the Law of Anti-Organized-Crime,the property owner is required not only to objectively perform the behavior that meets the requirements,but also to subjectively have the intention.The property of the uninformed actor should not fall within the scope of confiscation specified in Article 46 of this Law.