浅论明代京察制度——以万历辛亥京察为中心

On the System of Beijing’s Official Assessment in Ming Dynasty——A Case Study of Official Assessment during the Year of Xinhai Wanli

万历辛亥年京察以时任主察官的吏部尚书孙丕扬于京察当日,禁止陕西道御史金明时参与其中而闻名后世。相较之下,隐藏于京察背后的明廷党派之争以及波谲云诡的政治局面,往往不为世人所关注。作为政府定期对在京官员政绩所进行的考察之一,东林党、秦党、昆党等于明中后期渐次势大的政党纠纷,于辛亥京察中表现得淋漓尽致,时至今日,仍值得深入了解与探讨。

In the year of Xinhai Wanli,Officials Assessment was famous for its prohibition of Jin Mingshi,the empire of Shaanxi Road,on the day of Jingcha by Sun Piyang,the official minister who was then the chief inspector.In contrast,the partisan disputes in the Ming court and the complicated political situation hidden behind Jingcha are often not concerned by the world.As one of the government’s regular investigations on the achievements of officials in Beijing,Donglin Party,Qin Party and Kun Party are equal to the growing political party disputes in the middle and late Ming Dynasty,which were vividly manifested in the Beijing inspection of 1911,and are still worthy of in-depth understanding and discussion today.