《理学正宗》编纂与清初朱学道统的建构

On The Compilation of Transmission of the Main Lineage and the Construction of Zhuxi Orthodoxy in the Early Qing Dynasty

窦克勤的《理学正宗》是清初学术史上一部独具特色的思想文献,其编纂有三方面特征:一是人物选择以朱熹为中心,通过为朱熹师承及后学立案的方式展现宋明朱子学发展面貌;二是文献摘录取先儒切要处,在编排中遵循朱熹拟定的著作次序,注重先儒对经的注解,体现出与清初经学转向的互动;三是按语选择上以朱熹及程朱理学者为中心,又引心学学者之语以佐其评价的客观性。总之,《理学正宗》是清初“尊朱黜王”社会思潮影响下的产物,鲜明地表现了为程朱理学争正统的道统宗派意识。

Dou Keqin’s Transmission of the Main Lineage is a unique ideological document in the academic history of the early Qing Dynasty.Its compilation has three characteristics:first,the characters choose Zhu Xi as the center,and they are displayed by the way of filing a case for Zhu Xi’s teachers and doormen to show the development of Zhu Zixue in the Song and Ming Dynasties.The second is that the literature abstracts the essential points,followed the order of the writings drawn up by Zhu Xi in the arrangement,and paid attention to the annotations of the ancient Confucianism to the classics,reflecting the interaction with the turn of the classics in the early Qing Dynasty.The third is the summary.It centers on the scholars of Zhu Xi and Cheng Zhu,and draws on the words of scholars of Yangming to support the objectivity of their evaluation.In a words,Transmission of the Main Lineage is a product under the influence of the social ideological trend of“rejecting Wang and revering Zhu”in the early Qing Dynasty,and it clearly shows the strives for orthodoxy for Cheng Zhu’s Neo-Confucianism.