共享地理空间:中国农村基本治理单元的选择逻辑——以渝鄂湘三地部分山区农村为例

Shared Geospace:The Logic of Selecting Basic Governance Units in Rural Areas of China——Take Some Mountainous Villages in Chongqing,Hubei and Hunan as Cases

农村基本治理单元的选择和确定在一定程度上决定着乡村治理效能。中国山区农村基本治理单元不同于西方发达国家的“功能—自治”与“效率—民主”分析框架,采用的是“控制—自治”框架。通过对渝鄂湘三地部分山区农村的案例研究发现,中国山区农村基本治理单元的选择往往由自然、经济、社会条件单独或者共同决定,即共享的地理空间往往决定其治理单元。如果建制村内部亚单元(自然村)之间三个条件差异比较大,亚单元内部三个条件同质性较强,则需要调整空间规模、下移自治单元,使自然空间、经济空间、社会空间和治理空间一致并对称。如果建制村内部三个条件均不存在,则不需要调整空间规模,而是划小治理单元。三个条件可能单独起作用,也可能组合发生作用,要根据某个条件或者组合形式的影响程度来确定空间规模重构和单元调整。

The choice and determination of basic rural governance units determine the governance efficiency.The basic governance unit of China mountainous rural areas does not adopt the“functional-autonomous”and“efficient-democratic”analysis framework of western developed countries,but adopts the“controlled-autonomous”framework.Based on the case study of mountainous villages in Chongqing,Hubei and Hunan,this study found that the basic governance units in mountainous villages in China are determined by natural,economic and social conditions individually or jointly.In other words,shared geographical space determines governance units.Specifically,if the differences in natural,economic and social conditions between the sub-units(villages)within an administrative village are relatively large and the homogeneity of the above three conditions within the sub-units is relatively strong,the spatial scale needs to be adjusted to move the autonomous unit down so that the natural space,economic space,social space and governance space are consistent and symmetrical.If the above three conditions do not exist within the administrative village,then there is no need to adjust the size of the space,small governance unit.Finally,the natural,economic and social conditions may work alone or in combination.The spatial scale reconstruction and unit adjustment should be determined according to the influence degree of a certain condition or combination form.