村庄“中位达标”治理的逻辑及影响

The Logic and Influence of Village“Median Standard”Governance

基层治理体系与治理能力现代化建设的关键是制度化建设,对制度构建下的村治样态分析,可以在村庄事务的制度化治理视角下展开,考察制度规范对村级组织和村干部治理行动的影响。受制度建构负外部性成本与责任“硬约束”等因素的影响,村治实践多呈现“中位达标”治理样态,而非已有研究提出的“竞标”治理或“底线”治理。村庄“中位达标”治理追求的是不冒进、不落后、不过度负累的中间位置排名,具体表现为常规且无量化要求事务的规范对标、常规且有数量要求事务的量化平衡,以及中心工作与重点工作的差异化作为等,遵循的是一种分类达标策略。“中位达标”治理既可能带来村庄治理的“工具主义”问题,又在一定程度上形塑着其向“实体化”治理转型。为保证基层治理现代化的平稳有序以及弥补“工具主义”治理缺陷,需要推动制度的价值理性、工具理性与基层治理实践的有机融合。在理论层面,“中位达标”治理为当前村治实践提供了新的经验参照,也为学界思考技术治理、政社关系等提供了新的理论视角。

The key to the modernization of primary-level governance system and governance capacity is the institutional construction.The analysis of village governance patterns under the institutional construction can be carried out from the perspective of the institutional governance of village affairs,this paper examines the impact of institutional norms on village-level organizations and village cadres’governance actions.Shaped by the negative external cost of system construction and the“hard constraint”of responsibility,the practice of village governance usually takes the form of“median standard”governance rather than“bid”governance or“bottom line”governance.The goal of village“median standard”governance is not to rush forward,do not lag behind,not excessive burden of the middle position ranking,but a kind of strategy to reach the standard of classification which is embodied in the standardization of routine and non-quantitative transaction,the quantitative balance of routine and quantitative transaction,and the difference between the central work and the key work.“Median standard”governance not only brings the“instrumentalism”problem of village governance,but also shapes its transition to“substantial”governance.In order to ensure the smooth and orderly transformation of primary-level governance and remedy the defects of“instrumentalism”governance,it is necessary to promote the organic integration of value rationality,instrumentalism rationality and front-line governance practice.At the theoretical level,the“median standard”governance provides a new empirical reference for the current practice of village governance,and also provides a new theoretical perspective for the academic circles to think about technological governance and the relationship between government and society.