盛世与威权——论安敦尼王朝时期的政治转型

Flourishing Age and Authoritarianism: The Transformation of Principate during the Antonian Dynasty

安敦尼王朝作为罗马帝国的鼎盛时期,一直受到盛赞。然而,与帝国繁荣昌盛相伴发生的是,在战争、德行与智慧的三重掩饰下,罗马政制中的共和因素进一步消退,元首的绝对统治逐步确立起来。这突出体现在:元首统治基础的扩大、权力的扩张及其权威的提升。职业官僚集团的出现、元首权力与权威的至高至大以及权力的世袭倾向表明,元首制的性质已然悄然发生改变,日趋接近君主制。因此,安敦尼王朝是罗马帝国由元首制向君主制过渡的关键时期。

As the height of the Roman Empire, the Antoninian dynasty has always been praised highly. However, accompanied by the prosperity of the empire, under the triple cover of war, virtue and wisdom, the republican factor in the Roman political system further disappeared, and the absolute rule of the principate was gradually established. It is prominently reflected in the expansion of the principates’ ruling base, the expansion of their power and the promotion of their authority. The emergence of professional bureaucratic groups, the supreme power and authority of the principates, and the tendency of hereditary power indicated that the nature of the head of state had changed quietly and was closer to the monarchy. Therefore, the Antoninian dynasty was a key period in the transition of the Roman Empire from principate to monarchy.