美国空气动力地面试验能力及发展趋势分析

The capability of aerodynamic ground test in the USA and its development trend analysis

空气动力地面试验能力是衡量一个国家航空航天飞行器发展水平的重要因素。美国作为世界航空航天大国,其空气动力试验模拟能力、飞行器创新研究以及空气动力学学科发展等都处于世界领先水平。本文概述了美国空气动力相关研究机构基本情况,重点列举了11个主要机构的核心空气动力试验研究能力和技术支撑能力,分类阐述了美国空气动力试验设备与试验技术能力现状,简要分析了美国空气动力地面试验能力的优势与不足、经验与教训,最后综合研判了其未来发展趋势。

Aerodynamics-related ground test capability is an important metric of the current development of a country ’s flight vehicles. The United States is the world leader in terms of aerodynamic test and research capability, aircraft innovative research and aerodynamics-related disciplines. This paper summarizes the basic informations of USA aerodynamic research institutions, offers a list of 11 major institutions including their core test & experiment and supporting capabilities, and a classification of the status quo of USA test research capability and experimental techniques. A brief analysis on the advantages and disadvantages of USA aerodynamic ground test capability, and lessons learned is given subsequently, and a prediction of its future development is made.