论夫妻共有虚拟财产离婚分割的法律困境及破解之道

The Legal Obstacles and Solutions of the Divorce Division of the Virtual Property Shared by the Couple

对虚拟财产的承认与保护是我国民法典作出的重要创新与突破,然而在司法实践中,围绕夫妻共有虚拟财产的认定与分割问题仍存诸多争议,亟需加以解决。首先,虚拟财产仅指兼具价值性、稀缺性及排他性的虚拟数据,其背后的权利性质取决于权利主体。其中,创造者拥有虚拟财产的所有权,而用户则拥有虚拟财产的使用权。夫妻作为自然人通常非属创造者,因此其仅拥有虚拟财产使用权。其次,虚拟财产在分割时面临三大问题,一是现行法关于分割方式的具体规定阙如,二是权属分配依据不明,三是在进行价值评估时欠缺数据支持。对此,法院应灵活采用变价、补偿及竞价的分割方式,并在判断权属时重点把握是否存在一方当事人具备更强的取得财产权的应然性。而在对虚拟财产的价值进行评估时,法院应积极帮助资产评估机构寻得关联信息,以将虚拟财产的商业价值予以精准量化。

The recognition and protection of virtual property is an important breakthrough and innovation made by China’s civil code.However,in judicial practice,there are still many disputes about the identification and division of husband and wife shared virtual property,which need to be solved urgently.Virtual property refers to the virtual data that has value,scarcity,and exclusivity.The legal attribute depends on the subject of rights.The creator owns the ownership of the virtual property and the user has the right to use it.Since husband and wife as natural persons usually are not the creator of the virtual property,they only have the right of use.There are three problems in the process of segmentation of virtual property.First,there is a lack of standardization of the method of segmentation.Second,the basis for the distribution of ownership is unknown.Third,the value evaluation lacks data support.Therefore,court should flexibly adopt the methods of price change,compensation,and bidding when dividing virtual property.When determining the ownership,court should focus on whether a party has a stronger legitimacy to acquire property rights.When evaluating the value of virtual property,the court should actively help asset evaluation institutions find relevant transaction information and accurately quantify the commercial value of virtual property as a data basis.