堆肥防治土传病害作用机理及其影响因素研究

Research on mechanism and influencing factors of control soil-borne diseases by compost.

植物土传病害是限制农业发展的主要原因之一,防治不当会产生巨大的经济损失.应用堆肥防治植物土传病害是一种简单易行且无二次污染的生物防治方法,但因其影响因素多､施用后效果不可预测且作用不稳定等原因未得到广泛应用.因此,本文基于文献调研,综述了堆肥抑制土传病原菌的作用机理,明确堆肥发挥抑病作用的最主要因素为微生物,并对比分析了好氧堆肥过程中的微生物种群的演变特点､堆肥中具有抑病效果的主要微生物种群类别和堆肥施用后对土壤微生物影响等,得出可能影响抑病效果发挥的堆肥自身因素和堆肥施用因素.最后,基于目前堆肥对植物土传病害抑制效果的研究进展和我国堆肥产业的发展现状指出了应用该技术的主要问题.

Soil-borne diseases are one of the main factors that restrict the development of agriculture.Improper control will cause huge economic losses.The application of compost to control soil-borne diseases is a simple and easy biological control method without secondary pollution,but it has not been widely used because of many influencing factors,unpredictable and unstable effects after application.Based on literature research,the paper summarizes the suppressive mechanism of compost and makes sure the important role of microorganisms in inhibiting soil-borne pathogens.The microbial dynamics during aerobic composting,the main microbial types with biocontrol effect and their effects on soil microorganisms were compared and analyzed,therefore the factors of compost itself and compost application which may affect the suppressive effect were obtained.Finally,the main problems in the application of composting technology were pointed out based on the research progress of the inhibition effect of composting on soil-borne diseases and the development status of composting industry in China.