生物医用亚稳β钛合金的研究进展

Research progress in metastable β-type titanium alloys for biomedical applications

钛及钛合金具有高比强度、低的弹性模量、无磁性以及优异的生物相容性和耐腐蚀性能等特点,被认为是理想的生物医用金属材料。以无毒性的Nb,Mo,Ta,Zr和Sn等作为主要合金化元素,并具有更低弹性模量的亚稳β型钛合金是新一代医用钛合金材料的重点发展方向。本文综述了生物医用钛合金的基本特性和发展概况,并以Ti-Nb基医用钛合金为例,介绍了新型亚稳β生物医用钛合金的成分设计方法、合金化原理、研究现状和制备技术。最后指出进一步降低弹性模量,提高强度、疲劳性能和功能特性等综合性能是生物医用β钛合金重点的发展方向,今后可以针对合金化元素的交互作用机理、合金成分设计与组织性能调控方法以及微观力学机制等问题开展深入研究。

Titanium and its alloys are promising biomedical metallic materials due to their high specific strength,low Young’s modulus,nonmagnetic,excellent biocompatibility and corrosion resistance.A new generation of metastableβ-type Ti alloys with non-toxic Nb,Mo,Ta,Zr and Sn alloying elements and low Young’s modulus has become the key research direction of Ti alloys for biomedical applications.The basic characteristics and development history of biomedical titanium alloys were reviewed.Taking Ti-Nb based biomedical titanium alloys as an example,the composition design method,alloying principle,research status and preparation technology of new metastableβ-type biomedical titanium alloys were introduced.Finally,it was pointed out that the further reduction of elastic modulus and improving the comprehensive properties including strength,fatigue performance,and functional properties are the key development directions ofβ-type Ti alloys for biomedical applications.In the future,in-depth research should be placed on the interaction mechanism of alloying elements,chemical composition design approach,microstructure and mechanical properties regulation methods,as well as micromechanical mechanisms.