预处理对热水浸提黄花菜浸膏粉营养组成及生物活性影响研究

Effect of pretreatment on nutrition composition and bioactivities of daylily extract powder by hot water extraction

本文分别以鲜黄花菜、水焯鲜黄花菜、蒸制-晒干黄花菜、蒸制-晒干-浸泡黄花菜为原料,通过热水浸提法制备了4种黄花菜浸膏粉,比较了四种黄花菜浸膏粉的得率、营养成分及抗氧化活性,通过小鼠急性毒性试验初步评估了其毒性。结果表明:鲜菜浸膏粉、鲜菜脱碱浸膏粉、干菜浸膏粉、干菜脱碱浸膏粉的得率分别为4.90%、1.20%、24.8%、14.84%。4种黄花菜浸膏粉的营养组成及秋水仙碱含量存在显著差异,其中干菜浸膏粉总糖、还原糖、类胡萝卜素、总酚的含量最高,分别为82.1 g/100g、32.28 g/100g、3.81 mg/100g、6.56g/100g,而秋水仙碱含量由鲜黄花菜4.000mg/kg降低为0.010 mg/kg~0.039 mg/kg之间。4种黄花菜浸膏粉的抗氧化活性大小排序为:干菜浸膏粉>干菜脱碱浸膏粉>鲜菜脱碱浸膏粉>鲜菜浸膏粉,其中干菜浸膏粉对DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS自由基的清除率最高,分别为94.5%(IC_(50)为0.167mg/mL)、88.5%(IC_(50)为0.111mg/mL)和86.7%(IC_(50)为0.160mg/mL)。急性经口毒性试验及病理学研究表明,在21 d的观察期内,灌胃了干菜浸膏粉小鼠无死之旦无异常现象,未见脏器异常改变,无病理病变。综上所述,选用蒸制-晒干后的黄花菜,通过提取、浓缩、干燥、粉碎制备的黄花菜浸膏粉营养品质最佳,抗氧化活性强且无毒性,可用于黄花菜新产品的开发。

Four kinds of daylily extract powders were prepared by four different extraction methods :extraction from fresh daylily,boiling water extraction,steamed-dried method and steamed-dried-soaked method. The yield,nutritional components and antioxidant activity of four kinds of daylilies extract powder were compared,and their toxicity was preliminarily evaluated by acute toxicity test in mice. The results showed that the yield of daylilies extract powder,fresh daylilies dealkaline extract powder,dry daylilies extract powder and dry daylilies dealkaline extract powder were 4.895g/100g,1.201g/100g,24.8g/100g and 14.84g/100g,respectively. There were significant differences in nutrient composition and colchicine content among four daylilies extract powder. The dry daylilies extract powder has the highest nutrient content :the total sugar,reducing sugar,carotenoid and total phenol content are 82.1 g/100g,32.28 g/100g,3.81 mg/100g and 6.56g/100g respectively. The colchicine content decreased from 4.000 mg/kg of fresh daylilies to 0.010 mg/kg to 0.039 mg/kg. The order of antioxidant activity of four kinds of daylilies extract powder is :dried daylilies extract powder > dried day dealkaline extract powder > fresh daylilies extract dealkaline extract powder > fresh vegetable extract powder. Among them,daylilies extract powder has the highest scavenging rates on DPPH radical,hydroxyl radical and ABTS radical,which were 94.5%(IC_(50)was 0.167mg/mL),88.5%(IC_(50)was 0.111mg/mL)and 86.7%(IC_(50)was 0.160mg/mL)respectively. Acute oral toxicity test and pathological study showed that during the observation period of 21 days,mice fed with dried daylilies extract powder had no abnormalities,no death,no abnormal changes in organs and no pathological changes. In summary,the daylilies extract powder prepared by extracting,concentrating,drying and crushing after steaming and drying has the best nutritional quality,stronger antioxidant activity and non-toxic. It can be used for the development of new products of daylilies.