水库清淤及淤积泥沙处理技术

水库淤积会降低水库的有效库容,给水库的防洪功能及兴利功效带来不利影响,并危及库区居民的生命财产安全。中国是世界上水库最多的国家,每年水库淤积均会造成大量库容损失,是对良好水库坝址的浪费。该文采用浅地层剖面仪及高频振动声波钻机对水库淤积情况进行探测,从冲刷清淤法、放空干清法、虹吸清淤法及挖泥船清淤法对水库的清淤技术进行阐述,并分别从清淤前及清淤后对淤积泥沙的处理技术进行说明,为水库长期安全运行提供保障。

The siltation of the reservoir will reduce the effective capacity of the reservoir,adversely affect the flood control function and benefit efficiency of the reservoir,and endanger the life and property safety of the residents in the reservoir area.China has the largest number of reservoirs in the world,and reservoir siltation every year will cause a large amount of storage capacity loss,which is a waste of good reservoir dam sites.In this paper,shallow layer profiler and high frequency vibration acoustic drilling rig are used to detect the siltation of the reservoir,and the silt removal technology of the reservoir is expounded from the methods of scouring,emptying,siphon and dredger,and the treatment techniques of sediment deposition before and after silt removal are explained respectively,so as to provide guarantee for the long-term safe operation of the reservoir.