第三次廓藏战争考述——从清廷认知视角展开

A Research on the Third Gurkha-Tibetan War:from the Perspective of Qing Government’s Understanding

目前学界关于第三次廓藏战争的研究多从近代中外关系史视角展开。如果从清廷档案材料本身来看,可以发现清廷对此事及其起因的认识与现有研究得出的结论之间存在较大差异。基于有限的信息,清廷片面地认为唐古特与廓尔喀之间的冲突是由经济纠纷引起的。战前,清廷以“剖断”为主,并未计划调集内地兵力以军事手段解决廓藏纠纷。交战之初,清廷原以西藏地方兵力不足,决定调集川兵入藏。但川军难以启程,而西藏地方兵力并不似清廷预想的那般薄弱。战后西藏地方军事力量的发展对日后清廷与西藏关系发展产生了深刻影响。

Nowadays,most studies of the Third Gurkha-Tibetan War were undertaken from the perspective of modern Sion-foreign relations history.However,if studied the Third Gurkha-Tibetan War based on the Qing government’s archives,the outcomes could be significantly different from current research results.As having limited information about the war,the Qing government preferred to believe that the conflicts between Tangut and Gurkha were caused by economic disputes.The prewar decision made by Qing government was to achieved arbitration between Tangut and Gurkha and did not plan to dispatch army force to handle the conflict.At the beginning of the war,Qing government believed that the Tibetan army force were not enough and decided to send Sichuan soldiers to Tibet.However,the Sichuan army force’s march plan was delayed and Tibetan local army force was not as weak as the Qing government expected.The development of local military forces in Tibet after the war had a profound impact on the development of relations between the Qing government and Tibet.