宋代的家塾

The Family School in the Song Dynasty

家塾,也称馆塾、家馆或馆,是两宋私学的重要组成部分。宋代的家塾,主要在中上层家庭或家族中设置。依据家世和经济背景,有三类家庭或家族常设置家塾。家塾的具体位置,一般是在家族居所及附近,或与之有隶属关系的僧寺。家塾日常运营的经费,绝大部分由本家族自己提供。家族经商、田租的收入,建家塾者的俸禄,本族兄弟的赞助等,都是家墪惯常的经济来源。根据家塾规模和所属家庭、家族的特色,其管理各不相同。作为家庭和家族的私学,宋代家塾的所有权特色明显。

The family school,also known as Guan Shu,Jia Guan or Guan,was an important component of private schools in the Song Dynasty.In the Song Dynasty,family schools were mainly set up in upper middle class families or clans.According to family background and economic background,there were three types of families or clans that often set up family schools.The specific location of the family school was generally in the family residence and nearby,or the monastery with which it was affiliated.The family itself provided most of the funds for the daily operation of the private school.The family’s income from business and land rent,the salary of the school builders,and the sponsorship of the brothers of the family were the usual sources of income.According to the size of the family and the characteristics of the family or clans,the management of the private schools was different.As a private school for families and clans,the specific historical aspects of the Song Dynasty’s family schools had obvious ownership characteristics.