亚洲城市承办奥运会时的跨城联系异同——基于北京和东京夏季奥运会的比较研究

SIMIL ARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF INTER-CITY CONNECTIONS CAUSED BY OLYMPIC GAMES HELD IN ASIAN CITIES:A COMPARATIVE STUDY BASED ON BEIJING AND TOKYO SUMMER OLYMPIC GAMES

2020年东京奥运会引发了又一轮体育全球化的讨论热潮,而相关领域内仍缺乏对同区域内奥运会引发城市联系差异性的探讨。本研究以2008年北京奥运会和2020年东京奥运会为研究对象,探究其引发的城市间联系特征,研究结果表明:(1)两届奥运会的城市节点和城市联系均具有等级层次性;(2)区域性城市组团普遍存在,其中,东京奥运会时形成了以主办城市为核心的比2008年更大范围的洲际联系组团,体现了东京作为世界城市的巨大文化影响力。(3)疫情影响下,主办城市仍能通过探讨增设项目、获取区域转播权等手段提升奥运会及自身的影响力。该研究补充了现有的体育赛事型世界城市网络研究,为疫情影响下大型赛事的举办提出了建议,具有理论和现实意义。

With all kinds of sports become more and more popular, sports have played an more important role in promoting the process of globalization. Taking the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the 2020 Tokyo Olympic Games as the subjects of this study, we investigate the inter-city connections and the world city network formed by them. The results show that: 1) Europe and Asia are the core regions in the process of organising and hosting the Olympic Games, with Europe dominant the affairs of power competition and the continent where the host city is located in has become the most important region for sponsorship and publicity activities, also, a ’triple-polarization’ trend were occurred in the affairs of sponsorship activities due to the economic differences between continents;2) The city nodes and city connections are hierarchical, among which,a five-tier network structure were constructed, and the high-level city nodes include the headquarters of various federations, the cities with top sponsors and broadcasters, and the host cities, while high-level inter-city connections mostly occur between core city nodes in Europe, Asia and North America;3) Regional city clusters were widely distributed, generally, city clusters were always formatted in specific continents with a few specialized central cities as the core. 4) Despite the impact of the covid-19 epidemic, the host city was still able to enhance the Olympic games’ and its own influence by exploring additional individual sports, seeking sponsors and acquiring regional broadcast rights.