基于居民出行大数据的我国都市圈识别及其分布格局

IDENTIFICATION AND DISTRIBUTION PATTERN OF METROPOLITAN AREAS IN CHINA BASED ON RESIDENT TRAVEL DATA

都市圈是大城市发展到一定阶段的产物,当前都市圈空间范围界定还存在争议,本文梳理了都市圈的概念和内涵,采用手机信令出行数据识别了全国都市圈的空间分布格局。分析发现,我国大部分都市圈仍处于发育阶段,当出行率阈值为1%时全国识别出27个都市圈。都市圈的分布格局与经济发展水平密切相关,经济发达地区的都市圈数量多、分布密集,如东部沿海和城市群地区。中心城市的人口和经济规模,以及圈域出行距离影响了都市圈的空间范围和圈内联系程度,圈域出行规模与中心城市人口规模呈正相关,外围城市向中心城市的出行率与中心城市经济首位度呈正相关,且符合距离衰减规律。

Metropolitan area is the product of the development of big city. The National Development and Reform Commission pointed out that modern metropolitan area need to be fostered, since the metropolitan area is an important carrier of new urbanization. However, there are disputes about the definition of the spatial extent of metropolitan areas, and the criterion of metropolitan area are not clear. On the basis of combing the concept and connotation of metropolitan area, this paper uses mobile phone data to identify the distribution pattern of metropolitan areas in China from the perspective of the resident travel aspect. It is found that most metropolitan areas in China are still in the developmental stage, 27 metropolitan areas can be identified by using the 1% intercity trip rate as the threshold. The distribution pattern of metropolitan areas is closely related to the economic development, metropolitan areas are more dense in economically developed areas, such as the eastern area and the urban agglomerations, especially the Yangtze River delta and the Pearl River delta where there have formed contiguous or overlapping metropolitan areas. The spatial extent of the metropolitan areas is generally included in the urban agglomerations, but some cities of metropolitan areas in the northwest and southwest are not in the extent of the urban agglomerations, the future urban agglomerations planning may consider to include these cities. This paper also explores the developmental conditions of metropolitan areas, and found that the population size, economic primacy of central cities, and the travel distance affect the space extent and the internal connection of metropolitan areas. The travel size is positively correlated to the population size of the central cities, a central city with sufficient population size is the basis for large-scale travel size of the metropolitan area.