乡村教师生活补助政策实施十年回顾及困境突破

Ten-Year Review of Rural Teachers’ Living Allowance Policy Implementation and Suggestions to Cope with the Key Challenges

随着乡村振兴等国家重大战略的深入推进,我国在乡村教师队伍建设上面临新的发展机遇。长期以来,乡村教师“下不去”和“留不住”等问题,一直成为制约乡村教师队伍质量提升的瓶颈。近十年来,国家在乡村教师队伍建设上采取了一系列政策和制度安排,特别是乡村教师生活补助政策,对于原连片特困地区乡村教师稳定发挥了一定作用。在乡村教师生活补助政策实施过程中,仍然存在乡村教师生活补助长效机制尚未建立、乡村教师生活补助激励作用不够明显、乡村教师生活补助成效显示度不够等困境。基于此,建立乡村教师生活补助的长效保障机制、制定乡村教师生活补助配套政策、建立乡村教师生活补助省域一体化政策等,是保证新时代乡村教师稳定、促进乡村教师高质量发展的重要保障。

With the deepening of rural revitalization and other major national strategies, China is facing new development opportunities in the construction of rural teachers. For a long time, the rural teachers“can not go down”and“can not stay”and other problems, have become a bottleneck restricting the improvement of the quality of the rural teachers. In the past ten years, the state has adopted a series of policies and institutional arrangements in the construction of rural teachers, especially the living allowance policy for rural teachers, which has played a certain role in the stability of rural teachers in the former contiguously poor areas. In the process of implementing the living subsidy policy for rural teachers, there are still difficulties such as the long-term living subsidy mechanism of living subsidy for rural teachers has not been established, the incentive effect of rural teachers is not obvious enough, and the display effect of living subsidy for rural teachers is not enough. Based on this, the establishment of a longterm guaranteed mechanism for rural teachers’ living allowances, the formulation of supporting policies for rural teachers, and the establishment of provincial integration policies for rural teachers’ living allowances are important guarantees to solve the stability of rural teachers in the new era and promote the high-quality development of rural teachers.