月球表面及空间环境对太阳风与地球风的响应

Response of the Lunar Space Environment to Solar Wind and Earth Wind

月球空间作为日-地-月空间的重要组成部分,是研究基础空间物理以及等离子体与类月天体(无大气且无全球磁场)相互作用的天然实验室,也是影响月球探测任务实施的重要环境因素。面向月球科研站等月球探测任务的国家重大战略需求,亟需聚焦月球空间环境对太阳风与地球风的响应,其中不仅包括常规监测月球空间天气(包括监测太阳风、地球风、能量带电粒子和中子辐射及波动环境、月尘和外逸层等)以保障人类探月登月的空间环境安全,也包括研究各种空间粒子与月表物质和电磁场的相互作用。可利用多卫星观测、遥感监测、月表就地探测、数据分析、数值模拟等手段发现新的物理现象或揭示新的物理机制,探寻太阳系中不同天体空间物质循环过程与辐射环境的差异及其产生原因,从而拓展我们对地球和行星宜居性的认识,并为月球科研站等月球后续任务的实施提供参考。

The lunar space is an important part of the Sun-Earth-Moon system,which is a natural laboratory for studying fundamental physics and the interaction between space plasmas and the celestial bodies like the Moon(i.e.,lacking any significant atmosphere and a global magnetic field).It is also an important environmental factor that should be considered in lunar exploration missions.For the major national strategic needs of lunar exploration missions such as International Lunar Research Station,it is imperative to focus on the response of the lunar space environment to the solar wind and Earth wind,not only including routine monitoring of lunar space weather(such as solar wind,Earth wind,energetic charged particles,neutron radiation,dust and lunar exosphere.)to ensure the safety of human lunar exploration,but also studying the interaction of the space particles with lunar surface materials and electromagnetic fields.The new physical phenomena or mechanisms may be found using multi-satellite observations,remote sensing and in situ lunar surface observations,data analysis,numerical simulation,and other methods.Understanding of the Earth and planetary habitability can be broadened by studying the material circulation processes and radiation environment of different celestial bodies in the solar system and their formation mechanisms,which may provide some reference for the lunar scientific research station and other future lunar missions.