载人航天再生生命保障技术和太空原位资源融合利用

Regenerative Life Support in Manned Space Exploration and Integrated Utilization of Space In-situ Resources

载人航天器通过再生循环与原位资源利用的方式长期稳定供给人员生存所需的氧气、水和食物等生保物资并处理废物,是解决人类月球/火星驻留、飞火星等地外长距离飞行与驻留的核心技术。本文总结了再生生命保障技术的内涵,从水气再生、食物生产、固体废物循环、原位资源利用与系统人工调控五个方面概述了再生生命保障技术新进展与尚未解决的问题。最后,针对于解决驻留时间更长、飞行距离更远的任务,我们提出了构建下一代再生生命保障系统亟需解决的关键技术与基础科学问题。本文为多学科交叉合作建立载人航天器的新型生命保障系统,以期实现未来人员在太空长期驻留与星球拓殖提供了重要参考。

Stably providing life-support goods and materials such as oxygen,water,and food needed for long-term human survival and disposing waste by recycling and in-situ resource utilization,manned spacecraft is the core transportation technology for long-term flight and residence in outer space such as to/on the Moon and Mars.In this review,we summarize the connotation of regenerative life support technology and digest the new progress and unsolved problems of regenerative life support technology from five aspects:water and gas regeneration,food production,solid waste recycling,and in situ resource utilization and system artificial control.Finally,for the next generation regenerative life support system with longer residence time and longer flight distance,we propose the critical technical and fundamental scientific problems that must be solved urgently.This review provides an important reference for establishing a new life support system for crewed spacecraft with multi-disciplinary cooperation to realize long-term residence and colonization in space in the future.