矿山地质灾害成灾机理与防治技术应用

Mechanism and Application of mine geological disasters

因为矿山开采属于高危工作,其安全问题一直以来都是社会各界关注的重点。目前,矿山地质灾害的类型较多,比较常见的有岩体变形、地下水位变化、矿山内部灾害。同时,矿山地质灾害具有污染性、人为性、频发性、可控性等。分析矿山地质灾害的发生原因,主要可以分为主客观原因,主观原因有开采不节制、违规开采、不科学开采;客观原因有地表压力失衡、地下水径流变化、破坏含水层结构。为了提高矿山地质灾害的防治效率,本文从坍塌防治、滑坡防治、泥石流防治、三个不同角度探讨,希望可以为保障矿山开采安全性提供参考,促进矿山企业的可持续发展。

Because mining is a high-risk work,its safety problem has always been the focus of attention from all walks of life.At present,there are many types of mine geological disasters,including rock mass deformation,groundwater level change and mine internal disasters.At the same time,mine geological disasters have pollution,artificial,frequent,controllable.The causes of mine geological disasters are mainly divided into subjective and objective reasons:uncontrolled exploitation,illegal mining and unscientific mining;the objective reasons include surface pressure imbalance,groundwater runoff change and destruction of aquifer structure.In order to improve the efficiency of mine geological disaster prevention,this paper discusses from Three different perspectives:collapse prevention,landslide prevention and debris flow prevention,hoping to provide reference to ensure the safety of mining and promote the sustainable development of mining enterprises.