钛植入物表面抗菌改性的研究进展

Research progress in antibacterial modification of titanium implant surface

纯钛及其合金具有良好的机械强度和生物相容性,是目前临床常用的永久性植入物之一。然而,微生物引起的相关感染会引起钛植入物周围组织产生炎症反应,严重情况下会给患者带来二次手术的风险。钛植入物表面细菌生物膜的形成(包括细菌菌落的黏附、重塑及成熟)是造成感染最主要的原因之一。因此,对钛植入物表面进行改性来抑制细菌生物膜的形成,是减少术后感染的有效方式之一,该方法已成为骨科和牙种植科领域的研究热点。本文首先介绍细菌在植入物表面黏附和成熟的过程,然后对纯钛及钛合金的表面改性方式及其抗菌机制作一综述,并结合临床抗感染方法中仍存在的问题,展望钛植入物未来的发展趋势。

Pure titanium and its alloys with good mechanical strength and biocompatibility,are currently one of the commonly used permanent implants in clinicalpractice.However,the related infection caused by microorganisms will lead to the tissue around the titanium implant produce inflammatory reactions,which may bring the risk of secondary operation for patients.The formation of bacterial biofilm on the surface of titanium implants,including the adhesion,reconstruction and maturation of bacterial colonies,is one of the main reasons of infection.Therefore,modifying the surface of titanium implants to inhibit the formation of bacterial biofilm is one of the effective ways to reduce postoperative infection caused by titanium implants.This method has attracted great interests in the field of orthopedics and dental implants.This paper first introduces the process of bacteria adhesion and maturation on the surface of implants,then summarizes the methods about surface modification and antibacterial mechanism of pure titanium and titanium alloy in detail.Finally,combining with the problems that haven’t been solved in the clinic anti-infection methods,the future development trend of titanium implants is discussed.