中国传统社会的抗疫经验及其价值启示

Anti-epidemic Experience and Value Enlightenment in the Traditional Society of China

瘟疫伴随人类文明而生,多次深远地影响了历史发展进程。疫情应对不仅涉及医疗卫生领域,在中国传统社会,汉末魏晋时期疫情的频发促进了道教的产生和传播,奠定了中国本土宗教的雏形。疫情下对于生命存在价值的反思,形成了宗教、风俗、制度的新形态。北宋完善了疫情应对的制度化建设,大大降低了疫情的发生频率。中国传统社会的抗疫史呈现出由巫至医、由宗教民俗至制度规范、由“应急”到“预防”的发展趋势,展现了中华民族始终追求遵循自然规律以克服瘟疫的自然理性精神,坚持通过完善社会制度建设以达到“治未病”的效果以及官民协同抗疫的模式,体现了独特的抗疫防疫理念和防疫民俗底蕴。这些探索和经验为当代社会的疫情应对提供了非常有价值的参考和借鉴。

The plague came into being with human civilization and has influenced the process of historical development of human for many times.In Chinese traditional society,the frequent outbreaks of epidemic diseases fostered the emergence and spread of Taoism in the late Han Dynasty,and laid the foundation of China’s indigenous religion.In particular,the reflection on the value of life under the epidemic situation has formed a new form of religion and custom.The Northern Song Dynasty improved the institutionalization of epidemic response,greatly reducing the frequency of the epidemic.Throughout the anti-epidemic history of Chinese traditional society,three facts are obvious:from witchcraft to medicine,from religious customs to institutional norms,and from “emergency” to “prevention”.It shows that the Chinese nation has always pursued a rational spirit to overcome the plague and adhered to the anti-epidemic concept of “preventing disease” through improving the social system construction.The cooperation between officials and the people,and the folk customs in the anti-epidemic are indispensable national characteristics.These explorations and experiences have provided valuable reference for the anti-epidemic of contemporary society.