求道与求长生之一贯:论《老子想尔注》的养生之道

Seeking the Way and Seeking the Long Life:On the Health-keeping Way of Lao zi Xiang er Zhu

关于长生保身问题的研究历来是道教关注的重点,《老子想尔注》作为早期五斗米道的经典著作,蕴含着对长生的不懈追求和乐生、贵生等思想。一方面,《老子想尔注》通过对《老子》文本的重新解读,把“生”提到与“道”同高的地位,求“道”就是求长生,由此确立了求长生的终极目标,并且为这一目标的实现寻找到形而上的依据。另一方面,《老子想尔注》为道教徒实现长生这一终极目标指明了具有可操作性、可实践性的养生之法:对内要积精成神、清静不争,对外要遵守“道诫”、积累善功。从求长生之形而上依据——“道”的神化和形而下之实践——内外兼修的长生之法这一角度切入,可阐明《老子想尔注》蕴含的养生之道。

The study of the long life protection problem has always been the focus of Taoism’s attention.As the classic works of the early Wudou rice Tao,Laozi wanted to pay attention to the long life protection problem.On the one hand,the author of Lao zi Xiang er Zhu wanted to re-interpret the text of Laozi to put immortality to the same high status as Tao.Seeking “Tao” meant seeking the long life,which established the ultimate goal of seeking immortality and found a metaphysical basis for the realization of this goal.On the other hand,the author of Lao zi Xiang er Zhu pointed out the practicable method of health preservation for Taoists to achieve the ultimate goal of longevity:to accumulate essence and do not to fight inside,and to abide by the “sermon”,then accumulate good work external.From the perspective of the metaphysical basis of seeking longevity—the deification and practice of “Tao” and the method of longevity both inside and outside,this paper illustrates the way of keeping healthy included in Lao zi Xiang er Zhu.