论安斯康姆主体性思想——以《意向》为例

On the Subjective Thinking in Anscombe’s Thought:Take Intention as an Example

安斯康姆是否有主体性思想,研究者对此存在争议。本文力图以《意向》为例,对安斯康姆的主体性思想进行阐发,并对其主体性思想进行评析。首先,安斯康姆认为行动并非无意识的产物,这使得主体性不再可能。其次,她批判了理论认识的主体,认为理论主体并未阐明主体性的内涵。最后,安斯康姆阐发了行动主体的重要性。她强调主体的自觉自发性、现实性及内在性。这虽然表明了主体的基础地位,但却陷入了主体与客体的对立之中,因而安斯康姆的主体性仍有不彻底之处。

The academics have different views on Anscombe’s idea of subjectivity.This thesis attempts to clarify and evaluate Anscombe’s idea of subjectivity.Firstly, Anscombe criticized behavior as the production of involuntary, which makes subjectivity impossible.Secondly,Anscombe also criticized the theoretical subject,which does not clarify the connotation of the subject.Finally,Anscombe emphasized the practical subject.She highlights the subject’s selfconsciousness,reality and immanence.Anscombe has shown the basic status of the subject,but she is trapped in the opposition between the subject and the object,so her subjectivity is still incomplete.