主观主义价值论如何证成?——谈R.B.佩里的“兴趣—价值”论

How to Justify the Subjectivist Value Theory:on R. B. Perry’s Theory of “Interest-value”

R.B.佩里是现代西方价值哲学研究中的代表性人物,他创立了以兴趣为基础的一般价值理论体系,是20世纪主观主义价值论最有影响力的人物之一。他认为价值是任何兴趣的任何对象,其证成可分为四个步骤:价值可定义、价值的定义和兴趣有关、兴趣是价值的原初来源和恒定特征以及价值是任何兴趣的任何对象。在论证的过程中,佩里分别与主张价值不可定义、客观主义价值论以及主张绝对价值的学者展开对话,力图构建起丰富且系统的一般价值理论。佩里对价值含义的分析进一步揭示了价值概念判定中主体、客体与价值之间的关系,展现了价值概念所蕴涵的丰富且具有包容性的主观兴趣的维度。通过反思佩里的论证,我们仍需对价值感的来源以及价值感与主体和客体的交互作用进行更为深入的考察,对兴趣和各种不同种类的价值含义之间的相关性进行更具体的研究。

R.B.Perry is a representative figure in the modern Western philosophical studies of value theory,who founded a system of general theory of value based on interests and became one of the most influential figures of subjectivist value theory in the 20th century.This paper is devoted to analyzing and critiquing the views and arguments of R.B.Perry on the issue of the meaning of value,which can be proved in four steps:value can be defined,the definition of value is related to interest,interest is the original source and constant feature of value,and value is any object of any interest.In the process of his arguments,Perry has engaged in conversation with scholars who advocate undefinable value,objectivist value theory,and absolute value,in an attempt to construct a rich and systematic general theory of value.In this paper,Perry’s analysis of the meaning of value further reveals the relationship between subject,object and value in the determination of the concept of value,and demonstrates the rich and inclusive dimension of subjective interest that the concept of value contains.However,reflecting on Perry’s argument,we still need a more in-depth examination of the source of the consciousness of value and the interaction of the consciousness of value with the subject and object,and a more specific study of the correlation between interest and various different kinds of value meanings.