马克思视域中的现代犬儒主义问题及其批判

The Problem of Modern Cynicism in Marx’s View and Its Criticism

现代犬儒主义实质上是一种异化的生存状态,犬儒者躲避崇高,解构神圣,拒斥真实,消解生命的异质性、超越性和丰富性。现代犬儒主义有三种形态,即货币拜物教、道德利己主义和价值虚无主义。由于个体遭受着资本逻辑和物化结构的支配,沉湎于庸常化和卑俗化的生存状态,遗忘人之为人的终极性价值,因而无法与自我以及世界建立起积极有效的联系。只有从物化逻辑走向人本逻辑,把物的独立性变成人的独立性,才能凸显人之为人的独立品格和精神气度,克服现代犬儒主义的弊病。

Modern cynicism is essentially an alienated state of existence.Cynics avoid sublime,deconstruct sanctity,reject truth,and dispel the heterogeneity,transcendence and richness of life.Combined with Marx’s works,this paper explains the three forms of modern cynicism,namely,monetary fetishism,moral egoism and value nihilism.Because the individual is dominated by the logic and materialization of capital,indulges in the vulgar and vulgar state of existence,forgets the ultimate value of human being,and is unable to establish a positive and effective relationship with himself and the world. Marx stressed that only by moving from materialized logic to humanoriented logic and turning the independence of things into human independence can we highlight the independent character and spiritual bearing of human beings and overcome the disadvantages of modern cynicism.