枕叶损伤继发视网膜神经节细胞跨神经元逆行变性的研究进展

Research progress of transneuronal retrograde degeneration of retinal ganglion cells secondary to occipital lobe injury

枕叶损伤除了会导致视野缺损,还会引起眼底改变,如视网膜神经纤维层萎缩、神经节细胞复合体萎缩,甚至有视神经萎缩。而且这些眼底改变与视野缺损部位有很好的相关性,考虑是枕叶损伤继发视网膜神经节细胞跨神经元逆行变性(TRD)所致。这些改变可以通过光学相干断层扫描、眼底检查、磁共振成像等手段监测到,其中,光学相干断层扫描较其他检查更敏感。本文就TRD的解剖学基础,枕叶损伤继发TRD的病例报道、发病机制、辅助检查、治疗及预后方面作一综述。

In addition to visual field defects,occipital lobe injury can also cause fundus changes,such as retinal nerve fiber layer atrophy,ganglion cell complex atrophy and even optic nerve atrophy,and these fundus changes have a good correlation with the visual field defect site.It is considered to be caused by transneuronal retrograde degeneration(TRD)of retinal ganglion cells secondary to occipital lobe injury.These changes can be detected by means of optical coherence tomography,fundus examination,magnetic resonance imaging,etc.Among them,optical coherence tomography is more sensitive than other examinations.Here,the anatomical basis of TRD,case reports,pathogenesis,auxiliary examination,treatment and prognosis of TRD secondary to occipital lobe injury are reviewd.