涉野生动物刑事案件中民族习惯宽宥功能的正当性检视

Legitimacy Test of Ethnic Customs Leniency Function in Criminal Cases Involving Wildlife

涉野生动物刑事案件在我国少数民族地区较为高发,民族习惯已在相关案件量刑中发挥了刑事责任的宽宥功能。在此背景下,对民族习惯宽宥功能正当性的研究具有重要理论意义。文章基于现代刑法的责任原则和刑法目的理论,结合我国宽严相济的刑事政策,参考我国相关典型案例,对该问题进行了理论研究,主要结论表明:民族习惯是行为人法敌对动机与人身危险性的体现。当存在民族习惯情节时,被告人的法敌对动机与人身危险性实际小于客观违法结果所体现出来的程度,其刑事责任因此可得减轻。民族习惯的刑事宽宥功能具有理念正当性、价值正当性与政策正当性。

Criminal cases involving wildlife are relatively common in ethnic minority areas in China,and ethnic customs have played a leniency function of criminal responsibility in relevant cases.The research on the legitimacy of the ethnic customs leniency function has important theoretical significance.Based on the principle of responsibility of modern criminal law and the theory of purpose of criminal law,combined with the criminal policy of combining leniency with strictness,and referring to relevant typical cases in China,this paper conducts a theoretical study on this issue.The main conclusions are as follows:ethnic custom is a manifestation of the hostile intent against law and personal danger of the defendant.When there are ethnic customary circumstances,the defendant’s hostile intent against law and personal danger are less than the degree reflected by the objective violation result of the law,so the defendant’s criminal responsibility can be reduced.The criminal leniency function of ethnic customs has the legitimacy of ideas,values,and policies.