轨道车辆车轴疲劳试验若干问题的探讨

Several Issues Discussed on Fatigue Test of Rail Vehicle Axle

针对轨道车辆车轴疲劳试验,对比分析了国内外车轴疲劳试验标准体系;介绍了旋转弯曲式试验台和偏心激振式试验台的差异性,发现在偏心激振式试验台上试验时,应变片应粘贴在距离车轴轮座内侧边缘0.4 m范围内;论证了轴身疲劳应力与实测应力的区别,认为车轴试验时应按疲劳应力进行试验,否则将导致偏于风险的设计和制造;探索性地提出了试样制作和变轨距车辆车轴试验的思路,使车轴试样在加工中得到了管控,提高了车轴试验的真实性,通过分析变轨距车辆车轴和传统车轴的区别,提出了变轨距车辆车轴疲劳试验时的试验思路。通过以上若干问题的详细探讨为国内车轴疲劳试验体系的建立提供了建议。

For the fatigue test of the rail vehicle axle, the domestic and foreign test standard systems are compared and analyzed. The difference between the rotary bending test bench and the eccentric excitation test bench is introduced, and it is found that when testing on the eccentric excitation test bench, the strain gauge should be stuck within 0.4 m from the inside rim of the axle seat. The difference between the fatigue stress of axle body and the measured stress is demonstrated. It is considered that the axle test should be conducted according to the fatigue stress, otherwise it will lead to the risk-oriented design and manufacture. The idea of sample making and axle test of gauge-changing vehicle is put forward in an exploratory way to control the axle samples in processing and improve the authenticity of axle test. Based on the analysis of the difference between the axle of gauge-changing vehicle and the traditional axle, the paper proposed the test idea of fatigue test of variable gauge vehicle axles. Through the detailed discussion of the above issues, suggestions are provided for the establishment of the domestic axle fatigue test system.