有轨电车防爬吸能装置斜向撞击障碍物仿真分析

Simulation Analysis of Oblique Impact on Obstacles by anti-creeping Energy Absorbing Device of Tram

有轨电车在近些年因其诸多优点在众多城市得以兴建和运营,但因无独立路权等原因,有轨电车易与社会车辆等障碍物发生碰撞,斜向撞击即是典型的一种碰撞场景。防爬吸能装置能够吸收有轨电车碰撞的能量,对降低财产损失和人员伤亡具有重要现实意义。文章针对有轨电车防爬吸能装置斜向撞击障碍物试验实施难度大的问题,根据欧盟标准EN 15227:2008+A1:2010中对C-Ⅳ车辆碰撞场景3的要求,采用非线性显式动力学方法,利用通用有限元分析软件对有轨电车防爬吸能装置斜向撞击3 t可移动障碍物过程中的整体变形、吸能特性以及局部塑性应变进行了仿真分析。分析结果表明,该防爬吸能装置能够有效吸收碰撞能量,其弹性和塑性吸能最大位移均在设计行程范围内,防爬梁无局部断裂并脱落的风险,且变形后未与车体主结构发生干涉。因此,配置该防爬吸能装置的有轨电车能够满足EN 15227:2008+A1:2010中对C-Ⅳ类车辆碰撞场景3的吸能需求。

In recent years, trams have been built and operated in many cities because of their many advantages. However, due to the lack of independent right of way and other reasons, trams are prone to collision accidents with obstacles such as social vehicles, among which oblique collision is a typical collision scene. The anti-creeping energy absorbing device can absorb the energy in the collision accident of trams, which has important practical significance for reducing property losses and casualties. Aiming at the great difficulty in oblique impact test of tram anti-creeping energy absorption device on obstacles, according to the requirements of EN 15227: 2008 + A1: 2010 for C-Ⅳ vehicle collision scenario 3, the global deformation, energy absorption characteristics and local plastic strain of tram anti-creeping energy absorption device during oblique impact on 3 t movable obstacle are simulated by using nonlinear explicit dynamics method and general finite element analysis software. The analysis results show that the anti-creeping energy absorption device can effectively absorb collision energy, the maximum displacement of elastic and plastic energy absorption is within the design stroke range, the anti-creeping beam has no risk of local fracture or falling off, and does not interfere with the main structure of the carbody after deformation. Therefore, the tram equipped with the anti-creeping energy absorption device can meet the energy absorption requirements of Category C-Ⅳ vehicle collision scenario 3 in EN 15227:2008+A1:2010.