铁路货车车辆转向架无源无线振动传感与监测系统

Passive Wireless Vibration Sensing and Monitoring System for Railway Freight Car Bogies

转向架是铁路货车车辆的关键部件,因货车上无电源供给,且车辆在运用过程中存在随机编组,因此很难开展铁路货车转向架状态监测与故障诊断的相关研究。针对这一问题,文章研究了一种包括车载转向架无源无线振动传感与监测组件、测速发电模块、轨旁数据基站和远程故障诊断中心的铁路货车转向架无源无线振动传感与监测系统,系统通过安装在货车轴端的微型轴端测速发电机、测速发电模块为车载转向架无源无线振动传感与监测组件供电和提供速度信号,由振动传感与监测组件的信号采集处理CPU经组合传感器、信号调理电路、模数转换电路同步采集货车转向架的振动、冲击和温度信号并预诊断后通过WSN网络发送到轨旁数据基站,轨旁数据基站运用多线程WSN网络接收并缓存货运车辆的运行状态监测数据后再通过4G/5G网络自动将数据传输到远程故障诊断中心,远程故障诊断中心对列车运行状态数据进行分析处理与故障诊断后实现对货车转向架的智能运维。该系统已装车进行运行试验,试验结果表明,系统能实现铁路货车转向架的无源无线振动传感与监测,及时发现故障,确保货运列车安全行驶。

The bogie is a key component of railway freight cars. Because there is no power supply on the freight cars and sometimes the cars are randomly compiled during operation, it is difficult to carry out research on the condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of railway freight car bogies. To solve this problem, this paper studies a passive wireless vibration sensing and monitoring system for railway freight car bogie, which includes on-board passive wireless vibration sensing and monitoring component for bogie, speed measuring and generating module, trackside data base station and remote fault diagnosis center. The system supplies power and speed signals for the on-board passive wireless vibration sensing and monitoring components of bogie through the micro speed measuring generator installed at the axle end of the freight car and the speed measuring and generating module at the axle end. The signal acquisition and processing CPU of the vibration sensing and monitoring components synchronously collects the vibration impact and temperature signals of the freight car bogie through the combined sensor, signal conditioning circuit and analog digital conversion circuit, and sends them to the trackside data base station through the WSN network after pre-diagnosis. The trackside data base station uses the multi-threaded WSN network to receive and cache the operation status monitoring data of freight cars, and then automatically transmits the data to the remote fault diagnosis center through the 4G/5G network. The remote fault diagnosis center analyzes, processes and diagnoses the train operation status data to realize the intelligent operation and maintenance of freight car bogies. The system has been mounted for operation test, and the test results show that the system can realize passive wireless vibration sensing and monitoring of railway freight car bogies, find faults in time, and ensure the safe operation of freight cars.