不同类型土壤对辣椒产量及农艺性状的影响

Effects of Different Soil Types on the Yield and Agronomic Characters of Pepper

为探讨不同土壤养分对辣椒产量及其农艺性状的影响,以‘丰抗21’为试验品种,分别栽种于四纪红土、石灰岩土、板页岩土、河流冲积土、紫色土5种湖南省典型土壤并测量养分含量,探求其对辣椒产量及农艺性状的影响。结果表明,不同类型的土壤对辣椒产量及其性状都有影响,在5种土壤中自身养分含量较高的是河流冲积土与石灰岩土;辣椒产量以石灰岩土产量最高,总产量为745.74 kg/667m2,以四纪红土最低,总产量为192.27 kg/667m2;紫色土、石灰岩土处理下单果质量显著高于其他类型土壤,紫色土、石灰岩土、河流冲积土处理下单果长与果柄长基本相同,但与板页岩土、四纪红土存在差异。综上所述,石灰岩土壤最适合辣椒生长,其次是河流冲积土与紫色土,板页岩土与四纪红土条件下产量稍差,此外不同土壤对辣椒果形也有一定影响。适宜的种植土壤是提高产量的重要因素,但仍需进行合理的施肥才可以达到辣椒的丰产。

In order to investigate the effects of different soil types on the yield and agronomic characters of pepper,‘Fengkang 21’was used as the experimental variety and planted in five typical soils in Hunan Province,namely Quaternary laterite,limestone,slate shale,river alluvial soil and purple soil,and their nutrient contents were measured to explore their effects on pepper yield and agronomic traits.The results showed that different types of soils had significant effects on pepper yield and traits.The river alluvial soil and limestone had higher nutrient contents among the five soils.The highest yield of pepper was obtained in limestone,with a total yield of 745.74 kg/667 m2,and the lowest yield was got in Quaternary laterite,with a total yield of 192.27 kg/667 m2.The single fruit weight of pepper produced in purple soil and limestone were significantly higher than that of other types of soil.The single fruit length and stalk length under purple soil,limestone and river alluvial soil were similar,but different with the peppers produced in slate shale and Quaternary laterite.In summary,limestone soil was most suitable for pepper growth,followed by river alluvial soils and purple soils.Low yields were observed in slate shale and Quaternary laterite soils.In addition,different soils also had influences on pepper fruit shape.Suitable planting soil is an important factor for increasing pepper yield,but reasonable fertilization is still required to achieve a high yield of pepper.