五指山参淀粉物化特性研究

Study on Physicochemical Properties of Starch from Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr

以五指山参淀粉为原料,对其各种物化特性进行测定分析,为进一步开发五指山参提供理论基础。采用冷浸法提取五指山参原生淀粉,采用X-射线法(XRD)测定五指山参淀粉结晶类型,用电镜扫描(SEM)、光学观察和偏光显微观察五指山参淀粉颗粒的形貌特征,用红外光谱扫描(FTIR)分析五指山参淀粉官能团类型和结构,用黏度仪测定淀粉黏度,用碘吸光度法测定五指山参直链淀粉含量,通过模拟体外消化测定五指山参淀粉的消化特性。结果显示:五指山参淀粉结晶为A型,淀粉有-OH、-CH、C=O等官能团特征吸收峰,分别在2 930、3 500、1 650 cm^(-1)附近处;五指山参淀粉颗粒较完整,大多数为椭圆形,也有近圆形、方形等,颗粒表面有少量的凹陷;淀粉颗粒偏光十字清晰可见,且颗粒均匀分布,无簇拥成团的现象;五指山参淀粉凝沉性弱,稳定性较高;直链淀粉含量(14.79±0.02)%;糊化淀粉样品的快速消化淀粉(RDS)、慢速消化淀粉(SDS)含量比未糊化淀粉样品高,糊化淀粉样品的抗性淀粉(RS)含量比未糊化淀粉样品低。五指山参淀粉性质较为稳定,有利于进一步对其进行开发利用。

The starch of Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr.was extracted and used as raw material to determine and analyze various physicochemical properties,providing a theoretical basis for further development of Abelmoschus sagittifolius(Kurz) Merr.The primary Starch from Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr was extracted by cold leaching.X-ray method(XRD) was used to determine the crystalline type of its starch;morphological characteristics of its starch granules by scanning electron microscope(SEM)、optical observation and polarizing microscope;The functional groups and structures of its starch were infrared by spectra scanning(FTIR);determination of starch viscosity;determination of amylose content in its starch by iodine absorption spectrophotometry;determination of digestion characteristics of its starch by simulated digestion in vitro.XRD patterns showed that the starch crystallizes was type A;FTIR showed that its starch had characteristic absorption peaks of-OH,-CH,C=O and other functional groups near 2 930,3 500,1 650 cm^(-1);SEM showed that its starch granules were relatively complete,most of them were elliptical,and there were also nearly circular,square and so on,with a small amount of depression on the surface of granules;optical observation showed that the polarized cross was sparse and visible,and the particles were uniformly distributed without clustering;its starch had weak retrogradation and high stability;amylose content was(14.79±0.02)%;the fast-digested starch(RDS) and slow-digested starch(SDS) of pasted starch samples were higher than those of unpasted starch samples,and the resistant starch(RS) of pasted starch samples was lower than that of unpasted starch samples.The starch property of Abelmoschus Sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr was relatively stable,which was conducive to further development and utilization,such as higher quality modified starch field.