海南琼北蔬菜病虫害发生与农药使用调查

Investigation on the Occurrence of Vegetable Diseases and Insect Pests and the Use of Pesticides in the Northern Region of Hainan

于2021年5月至2022年5月开展了以澄迈、海口为主的蔬菜病虫害种类调查,并走访琼北区多家乡镇农资店调查农药使用情况。调查结果表明,琼北区蔬菜病害种类有30种,害虫有20种;发生严重的主要病害有霜霉病类、软腐病类、白锈病、白粉病类、病毒病类、豆类锈病、豇豆煤霉病、辣椒炭疽病;主要害虫有斜纹夜蛾、蓟马、美洲斑潜蝇、黄曲条跳甲、蚜虫、瓜实蝇、小菜蛾。市售的防治蔬菜病虫害的常用药剂种类主要有50种,其中杀虫剂25种,杀菌剂25种,高频使用的杀菌剂有咪鲜胺锰盐、烯酰吗啉、苯醚甲环唑、嘧菌酯、春雷霉素、吡唑醚菌酯等;高频使用的杀虫剂有啶虫脒、吡虫啉、阿维菌素的混配剂及溴虫氟苯双酰胺、乙基多杀菌素等。

From May 2021 to May 2022,this paper carried out a survey of vegetable pests and diseases mainly in Chengmai and Haikou,and also visited a number of township agricultural material stores in the northern region to investigate the use of pesticides.The results showed that there were 30 kinds of vegetable diseases and 20 kinds of pests in the northern region.The main serious diseases were downy mildew,soft rot,white rust,powdery mildew,virus disease,bean rust,cowpea coal mildew,pepper anthracnose;the main pests were Spodoptera litura,thrips,Liriomyza sativa,yellow flea beetle,aphids,fruit fly,diamondback moth.There were 50 types of commonly used pesticides for the control of vegetable diseases and insect pests on the market,including 25 pesticides and 25 fungicides.The frequently used fungicides included Cyproconazole,azoxystrobin,kasugamycin,pyraclostrobin,etc.;the frequently used pesticides included acetamiprid,imidacloprid,avermectin mixture,bromflubendiamide,ethyl acetate Spinosad,etc.