怀柔区3~5岁儿童身高发育状况及其影响因素分析

Status of height development of children aged 3-5 years and its influencing factors in Huairou District

目的了解北京市怀柔区3~5岁学龄前儿童身高发育状况及遗传潜能发挥情况,分析影响身高遗传潜能发挥的相关因素。方法采用整群抽样方法随机选取2019年4月至6月北京市怀柔区9所幼儿园的3~5岁学龄前儿童作为调查对象。以1岁为间隔分为3个年龄组。对儿童进行身高测量并由家长完成《影响儿童生长发育的相关因素调查问卷》。对影响身高的因素进行logistic回归分析。结果本调查共纳入792例儿童,其平均身高均高于全国参考标准值水平,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。233例儿童身高遗传潜能发挥欠佳,其中城区儿童占比最多,山区最少。logistic单因素回归分析结果显示,儿童出生体重、食欲好、父亲身高有利于身高遗传潜能发挥。父亲身高每增加1 cm,儿童有1.065倍的可能性成为身高较高儿童(P<0.05)。结论北京市怀柔区学龄前儿童身高水平高于全国参考标准值水平。身高遗传潜能发挥欠佳儿童为233例,接近1/3,需改善影响身高发育的不利因素。山区儿童身高遗传潜能发挥相对良好,而城区儿童相对欠佳。应从孕期开始预防低出生体重儿,加强儿童营养,动态监测身高。

Objective To investigate the height development and genetic potential of preschool children aged 3-5 years in Huairou District,and analyze the related influencing factors.Methods Cluster sampling method was used to randomly select preschool children aged 3 to 5 years from 9 kindergartens in Huairou District from April to June 2019.They were divided into 3 age groups at 1 year interval.The height of children was measured and their parents completed the Questionnaire on Related Factors Affecting Children’s Growth and Development.The factors influencing height were analyzed by logistic regression.Results A total of 792 children were included in this survey.Their average height was higher than that of the national reference standard level,and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The genetic potential of height of 233 children was not well developed,with the largest proportion of children in urban areas and the least in mountainous areas.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that children’s birth weight,good appetite and father’s height were advantageous factors to height genetic potential.With 1 cm increase in father’s height,children were 1.065 times more likely to become taller(P<0.05).Conclusion The height level of preschool children in Huairou District of Beijing is higher than that of the national reference standard level.233 children(nearly one third)have poor genetic potential of height,and the adverse factors affecting height development should be prevented.The genetic potential of height of children in mountainous areas is relatively good,while that of children in urban areas is relatively poor.Low birth weight infants should be prevented from pregnancy,nutrition should be strengthened,and height should be monitored dynamically.