批评·真理·救赎——从本雅明的“救赎批评”理论看歌德的《亲合力》

Criticism·Truth·Redemption——Goethe’s Affinity Based on Benjamin’s "Redemptive Criticism" Theory

本雅明的“救赎批评”理论将作品分为实在内涵和真理内涵,实在内涵相当于我们可以从中观察、分析出的作品的形式、结构、象征、主题等外观,真理内涵相当于使作品历经久远仍散发光辉的深层内蕴。评论所探寻的是作品的实在内涵,批评所揭示的是其真理内涵。在对歌德的《亲合力》详尽分析后,发现作品的实在内涵表现为“神话式的东西”,包括“魔力”与“断念”、死亡意象、暗喻与预示。在对小说的实在内涵做了剖析与剥落之后,本雅明得出《亲合力》的真理内容为“救赎”。

Benjamin’s "redemptive criticism" theory divides works into real connotation and truth connotation.Real connotation is equivalent to the appearance of the work’s form,structure,symbol,theme,etc.,that we can observe and analyze from it.Deep inside that still shines after a long time.What criticism seeks is the real connotation of the work,and what criticism reveals is its truth connotation.After a detailed analysis of Goethe’s Affinity,it is found that the actual connotation of the work is expressed as "mythical things",including "magic power" and "break of thoughts",death images,metaphors and predictions.After analyzing and peeling off the real connotation of the novel,Benjamin concluded that the truth content of "Affinity" is "redemption".