肠道菌群对小胶质细胞的影响及其在帕金森病发病机制中的研究进展

Effect of intestinal flora on microglia and its research progress in the pathogenesis of Parkinson′s disease

帕金森病(Parkinson's disease,PD)是一种常见的神经系统变性疾病,以静止性震颤、肌强直、运动迟缓以及姿势步态异常等为主要临床表现。PD的发病机制的确切病因至今未明。近年来,肠道微生物与PD之间的关系越来越得到重视。肠道微生物可通过微生物-肠-脑轴双向信号传导体系参与PD发生发展的过程,此外研究发现肠道菌群结构及代谢物可能与PD临床表型有关。目前已有证明肠道微生物菌群失调可导致PD,而由小胶质细胞活化引起的炎症、氧化应激机制是导致PD的重要机制之一。研究显示肠道菌群可通过神经内分泌、免疫、氧化应激、血脑屏障等途径影响小胶质细胞的成熟与活化。本文将对肠道菌群在PD中对小胶质细胞的影响的可能机制进行综述。

Parkinson's disease(PD)is a common degenerative disease of the nervous system,mainly characterized by static tremor,myotonia,bradykinesia,and abnormal postural gait.However,the pathogenesis of PD remains unclear.In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to the relationship between gut microbiota and PD.Intestinal microorganisms may participate in the development of PD through the bidirectional signal transduction system of the microbe-gut-brain axis.In addition,the structure and metabolites of intestinal flora may be related to the clinical phenotype of PD.It has been shown that intestinal microflora disorders can lead to PD,and the mechanism of inflammation and oxidative stress caused by microglia activation is one of the important mechanisms leading to PD.Studies have shown that the intestinal microbiota can affect the maturation and activation of microglia through neuroendocrine,immunity,oxidative stress,blood-brain barrier and other pathways.This article will review the possible mechanisms of the influence of gut microbiota on microglia in PD.