黄河冰凌演变机理及防凌技术研究进展

Research Progress on the Evolution Mechanism of Ice and Its Prevention Technology in the Yellow River

黄河凌汛具有预见期短、信息获取难、防控难度大、灾害范围广等特点,亟须对黄河凌汛灾害相关问题开展研究。围绕黄河冰凌理论、冰凌监测、凌情预报、水库调度和破冰技术等,基于水文学、热力学、河床演变学、统计学、水运动学、爆破学等基础理论和研究方法,概述了冰凌演变基本规律、一体化凌情监测技术、凌情预报技术、水库防凌调度技术和破冰排凌技术等多项研究成果。相关成果基本解决了凌情信息获取难、凌情信息量掌握少、凌情预测预报精度低、冰塞冰坝形成迅速而破除效率低、防凌调度经验不足等严重影响黄河防凌减灾的多项难点问题。

The ice flood of the Yellow River is characterized by short prediction period, difficult information acquisition, difficult prevention and control, and wide disaster range. Therefore, it is need to carry out research on the problems related to the ice flood of the Yellow River. Based on the basic theories and research methods of hydrology, thermodynamics, river bed evolution, statistics, water kinematics, blasting and so on, this paper summarized the basic laws of ice evolution, integrated ice monitoring technology, ice forecasting technology, reservoir ice control and regulation technology, and ice breaking technology, etc. The relevant achievements have basically solved many difficult problems that seriously affect the ice disaster prevention and mitigation in the Yellow River, such as the difficulty in obtaining the ice situation information, the lack in grasping the ice situation information, the low accuracy of the ice situation prediction, the rapid formation of the ice jam and ice dam, the low efficiency in breaking the ice jam, and the poor experience of the ice control dispatching.