“威胁”的名词化及汉语词典收词释义考察

The Alization of“Weixie(威胁)” and Interpretation of Chinese Dictionary

系统功能语言学认为,名词化是词汇语法层对话语意义层的非一致式体现,可以使动态过程静态化,起到浓缩句子信息、增强语篇客观性的作用。根据语料库考察结果,可以发现,“威胁”一词已完成名词化,具备名词的全部语法特征和功能,并在新闻、科技语篇中广泛使用。研究还发现,目前针对汉语母语者的语文词典和针对外国汉语学习者的外向型词典中,大部分均未收录“威胁”的名词义项,动词义项的释义与示例也存在着不同程度的问题。因此,建议相关词典增补“威胁”的名词义项,并对释义与例句进行修改调整,从而更好地服务语文教学和国际中文教学。

System-functional linguistics believes that nominalization is a non-consistent embodiment of the lexicogrammar to the discourse semantics,which can make the dynamic process is static,playing the role of concentrating sentence information and enhancing discourse objectivity.According to the results of the corpus investigation,the study found that the word“weixie(威胁)”has been completed the nominalized,with all the grammatical characteristics and functions of nouns,and is widely used in news,science and technology discourse.The study also found that most of the current Chinese dictionaries for native Chinese speakers and export-oriented dictionaries for foreign Chinese learners do not contain“weixie(威胁)”noun meanings,and the definition and examples of verb meanings also have different problems.In this regard,it is suggested that the relevant dictionary should add the noun meaning of“weixie(威胁)”,and modify and adjust the interpretation and example sentences,so as to better serve the Chinese teaching and the international Chinese teaching.