一流大学如何破解服务学习中的道德困境——以斯坦福大学《道德与有效服务原则》为例

How to Solve the Moral Dilemma in Service Learning:A Study of Stanford University’s Ethics and Effective Service Principles

重视推动服务学习模式已经成为世界知名大学的共性特质。当前高校在服务社区时存在着诸多道德困境,改革服务评价,消解道德壁垒,对于学生成长和社区发展均有重要意义。斯坦福大学构建了《道德与有效服务原则》,从伦理道德层面着手,以学生为核心行为责任人,通过强化学生的自律和加固学生的强反思,推进了学生与社区的共荣共生,完成了道德引领的价值使命。我国一流大学也可从道德认知、道德情景及道德主体着手,关注服务学习中的道德困境、强调服务学习中的情景式参与及复原学生服务学习的主体地位,以此实现自身与社区的共生。

It has become the common characteristic of promoting the service learning mode in the world famous universities.At present,there are many moral dilemmas in colleges and universities.It is of great significance for the growth of students and the development of communities to reform the evalua‐tion of service and remove moral barriers.Stanford University has constructed Morality and Effective ServicePrinciples,starting from the moral level,with students as the core behavior-responsible per‐sons.By strengthening students’self-discipline and strong reflection,it promotes the co-prosperity and symbiosis of students and the community,and completes the value mission of moral guidance.China’s first-class universities can also start from moral cognition,situation and subjects,pay attention to the moral dilemma in service learning,emphasize the situational participation in service learning,and re‐store the subject position of students in service learning,so as to realize the symbiosis between them‐selves and the community.