科技成果权属混合所有制对高校创新效率的影响

The Influence of Mixed Ownership of Scientific and Technological Achievements on the Innovation Efficiency of Colleges and Universities

国内科技成果混合所有制试点已开展5年时间,旨在将科技成果部分产权分配给科研人员,通过权利变革改善高校科技创新状况。关于混合所有制试点对高校创新效率的影响,目前缺乏整体定量评价。运用双重差分法计算试点对高校创新效率的整体影响,进而测算产权结构变化对试点与高校创新效率间关系的影响。研究表明,科技成果混合所有制试点对高校创新效率具有正向影响,但因赋权而产生的高校与科研人员共有产权关系没有发挥试点改革对高校创新效率的促进作用,而高校与多元主体共有产权关系正向影响试点改革对高校创新效率的作用。最后,提出政策建议:加快构建精准的混合所有制权利配置体系,明晰主体间产权关系,推动高校与企业等创新主体开展高质量合作,逐步实现试点区域协同管理。

Innovation is the primary driver of development,and innovation-driven development is inextricably linked to university innovation capability.How to efficiently distribute scientific and technical advances to facilitate their transformation has been a hot topic among industrial scholars.Since 2015,the government has taken steps to promote the transformation of scientific and technological achievements,including modifying the Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements to allow the right to dispose of such achievements.Although it has not yet reached the national expectation in terms of transformation effectiveness despite the overall driving effect in terms of policy and environment,several exploratory practices of reforming the ownership of scientific and technological achievements on duty have emerged in China,marked by the pilot reform of mixed ownership of scientific and technological achievements on duty spearheaded by Sichuan Province and it has made a breakthrough in the reform of scientific and technological achievements on duty in China's universities and has attracted wide academic attention.At present,scholars mainly focus on theoretical studies on the distribution of rights,the balance of interests among subjects,and the legitimacy and rationality of mixed ownership of scientific and technological achievements,but there is still a lack of empirical studies to evaluate the benefits of the pilot reform of a mixed-ownership system of scientific and technological achievements on scientific research innovation in universities.There is no empirical study yet to evaluate the effectiveness of the reform pilot of a mixed-ownership system of scientific and technological achievements in university innovation.To this end,this paper investigates the influence of mixed ownership of scientific and technological achievements on the innovation efficiency of universities in Sichuan Province through the difference-in-difference model,and innovatively takes the structure of property rights subjects as the entry point to deeply study the influence mechanism of pilot projects and university innovation efficiency.The experimental group in this study is made up of 9 universities from Sichuan Province's pilot policy document on mixed ownership of scientific and technical achievements,while the control group is made up of 10 institutions from Sichuan and the neighboring areas.The influence mechanism of the pilot project and university innovation efficiency are then investigated further using the patent database,standard patent data of universities and individuals,and joint patent data of universities and various fields.The findings show a strong positive association between the pilot mixed-ownership system of scientific and technological achievements and university innovation efficiency in Sichuan Province,implying that the pilot has a beneficial impact on university innovation efficiency in general.However,this impact was attributed to the unbundling of property rights structure,which increased shared property rights of universities and other innovation subjects,indicating that the pilot's impact on university innovation efficiency was influenced favorably by shared property rights of universities and other innovation subjects.This study assesses the real benefits of the pilot mixed-ownership system of science and technology achievements on the innovation efficiency of universities in Sichuan Province based on the theory of knowledge innovation incentive and the theory of property rights economics.Simultaneously,it identifies the flaws in current science and technology achievement empowerment,clarifies the property rights relationship between universities and researchers,and constructs a power allocation system for science and technology achievements from the perspective of property rights structure.Finally,it is essential to strengthen cooperation between universities and diverse subjects such as enterprises and scientific research units,broaden research ideas and R&D directions of scientific and technological innovation in universities,increase the transformation of scientific and technological innovation results,and improve resource flow efficiency while promoting ownership reform of scientific and technological achievements.