载人月球探测任务大气环境压力制度设计与试验验证

Design and Experimental Verification of Atmospheric Pressure Regime for Manned lunar Exploration Mission

针对载人月球探测任务连续出舱需求,综合人体生理学和工程技术要求,兼容国内外当前在用的舱外服压力体制,提出双服压、低服压压力制度建议,以实现连续每日出舱。对压力制度安全性进行试验验证,选取19名健康志愿者,分为4组,其中15名男性志愿者平均分为3组,4名女性志愿者分为1组;利用密闭实验舱模拟载人月球探测任务全包络压力环境,开展了7轮次、每轮次为期9 d、连续4 d、每日8 h全负荷模拟出舱活动的密封舱试验。试验结果表明:2种压力制度方案均无减压病发生,也未观测到回心血流气泡,能够有效防护减压病。

According to the human physiology and engineering technology requirements of continuous EVAs in manned lunar exploration mission, the pressure regimes for double extravehicular spacesuit pressure system(DESPS) and low extravehicular spacesuit pressure system(LESPS) were proposed, which was compatible with the atmospheric pressure systems of various in-service EVA spacesuits and was expected to achieve daily continuous EVAs. Experiments were carried out to verify the safety of the pressure system. Nineteen healthy volunteers were selected and randomly divided into four groups, of which 15 male volunteers were divided into 3 groups with five in each group and 4 female volunteers were in one group. Seven rounds of 9-day pressure regime verification experiments were conducted in a closed experimental cabin. The pressure environment of the whole process of the manned lunar exploration mission was simulated and 4 consecutive daily 8h full load EVAs were verified. Safety related to decompression sickness of the pressure systems was verified by observing the occurrence of decompression sickness and bubble classification. The results showed that neither decompression sickness nor blood bubbles were observed in either pressure regimes, which demonstrated that the occurrence of decompression sickness was effectively prevented.