陈寅恪的“体、用”观与其魏晋隋唐史研究

Chen Yinke’s Syncretistic View of Ethno-Cultural Integration and His Study of Post-Han and Sui-Tang History

陈寅恪“思想囿于咸丰同治之世,议论近乎曾湘乡张南皮之间”之言,为学人熟知,理解各有不同,但其实反映了他对中外文化交流,抱持“中学为体、西学为用”(此处“西学”亦指“虏学”)的基本态度。由此立场出发,陈以魏晋、隋唐史为专攻,希图以史为鉴,指出文化交流的“一致性”:“一方面吸收输入外来之学说,一方面不忘本来民族之地位。”但陈并非族裔中心论或汉族中心论者,而是强调胡人、汉人之分不如胡化、汉化更为重要,又指出汉末以来各民族间的冲突和融合及诸文化间的互动和交流,促成了隋唐的强盛。陈揭示这一阶段历史发展阶段的个别性,为的是以小见大,概括历史演化的通则,表现为历史主义的思维。

Chen Yinke's(1890-1969,陈寅恪)statement that“My thoughts were generally confined to the affairs under the reign of the Emperors Xianfeng(咸丰)and Tongzhi(同治),and my discussions were mostly concernedwith ZengGuofan(曾国藩/曾湘乡)and ZhangZhidong(张之洞/张南皮)”has been well known to scholars with dfferent interpretations.By adhering to the stance of“Chinese learning as foundation and foreign learning for application”,he devoted himself to the study of the histories of Post-Han and Sui-Tang Dynasties.Chen hoped to learn from the history and emphasized that the essence of cultural exchange was“absorbing foreign influences while not forgetting one's own cultural origin”,Chen was neither an ethnocentrist(族裔中心论)nor aHan-centrist(汉族中心论者)because he believed that ethnic differences were secondary to cultural integration.By analyzing the individuality of the Post-Han cultural and ethnic mingling,he aimed to discover the general rule of historical evolution,which exemplified a type of historicist thinking.